The ancient city of Aphrodisias, dedicated to the goddess of love Aphrodite, was a Hellenistic city which also flourished under Roman and Byzantine rule. Excavations in the 24-meter-high (78 ft) theater hill have revealed layers of settlement going back to the Bronze Age (c. 2800-2200 BC). It was founded in the 5th c. BC and flourished under the Roman Empire (1st c. BC-4th c. AD). Mark Antony recognized the autonomy of Aphrodisias in the 1st c. BC. In the Byzantine period it was first the seat of an archbishopric, then of the metropolitan of Caria. In the 6th c. AD the name of Aphrodisias was changed to Stavropolis, the city of the Cross, to erase the pagan goddess of love from people’s minds. As the capital of Caria Aphrodisias was finally called Caria which then became Geyre in Turkish. Later in the 13th century it was abandoned. The city was buried by a series of earthquakes.
Aphrodisias
was primarily known as a center for the arts, specifically
sculpture. The Aphrodisias School of Sculpture had a distinctive style
and was very well circulated throughout the Greek and Roman world. Statues
with corresponding signatures were discovered from Spain to present day
Germany and virtually everywhere in the Roman world. The existence of Aphrodisias
was almost forgotten until a Turkish professor, Dr. Kenan Erim, of
New York University received a grant from National Geographic to excavate
the site in the 1960’s. His archaeological work revealed a city of vast
importance.
The
ruins are numerous and well preserved. A two mile long Byzantine wall still surrounds the city. The Temple of Aphrodite,
eventually converted to a Christian basilica,
is excellently preserved. The Tetrapylon, the gate which was leading people
to their great temple, was re-erected by Kenan Erim, where he's buried in front
of it with a special permission of the Government after his death. The Baths of Hadrian
are still partially standing. The theatre and the stadium are one of the
best preserved in all eastern Mediterranean. The nearby museum contains
many beautiful statues and portrait sculpture.
Aphrodisias today is only 1.5 hrs driving from Pamukkale in the Aegean region of Turkey. Nearby and along the road there are several small restaurants where you can taste local dishes prepared especially with home made olive oil.